5 Common Mistakes You Make When Taking Portrait Photos
Taking portrait photos may seem like an easy task, but it comes with many challenges. Often, photographers overlook some basic techniques that can significantly improve the quality of their portraits. It’s not just about the camera and gear you use, but also your understanding of light, composition, and the emotions you want to convey. To help elevate your portrait photography, avoid these 5 common mistakes.
1. Improper Framing and Too Much Empty Space
Framing is crucial for great portrait photography. If you leave too much empty space above the subject’s head, the entire composition may look awkward and unbalanced. Additionally, if the subject is placed too centrally in the frame, the photo can appear static and lacking dynamism. This problem can also arise when there’s a lack of proper proportion between the subject and the background, which can distract from the person being photographed.
How to fix it?
Think about the right balance between the subject and the surrounding space. The subject should always be the focal point, and the background should not be too distracting.
In portrait photography, always consider how you frame the model. Too much space around the subject or beneath them can make them look small or distant.
If you’re going for a wider shot, make sure it makes sense. Using too much empty space may cause the focus to shift away from the main subject.
2. Poor Use of Light
Light plays a crucial role in how a portrait turns out. Too much light can create harsh shadows or overexpose parts of the subject, while too little light can make the photo look dark or dull. It’s essential to use light that fits the tone and mood you want to convey. The direction of the light source can dramatically change the mood of the portrait, whether you want a soft, intimate feel or something sharper and more dramatic.
How to fix it?
Ideally, use natural light, such as light coming through a window. This type of light is softer and more natural, giving the portrait a warm, flattering look.
Try shooting during the “golden hour,” when the light is at its best—soft and warm, which enhances the natural colors of the scene.
If using artificial lighting, make sure it's diffused. A harsh flash can create unwanted shadows and make the model look overly lit or artificial.
3. Forgetting About the Eyes
Eyes are the most important feature in any portrait, as they often carry the emotion and connection between the subject and the viewer. If the eyes aren’t in focus, the entire image can appear lifeless and dull. No matter how perfect the background or lighting is, if the eyes aren’t sharp, the photo loses its power. These mistakes often happen when the focus isn’t accurately placed on the eyes, or the depth of field isn’t properly managed.
How to fix it?
Always ensure the eyes are in focus. Most digital cameras and smartphones allow you to select the focus point on the model’s eyes.
If you’re using a shallow depth of field, make sure the eyes are close to the focus point, as even a slight error can result in blurry eyes.
If the model is turned slightly, make sure the eyes facing the camera are sharp, while the ones in profile can be a bit softer, but not too blurred.
4. Unnatural Posing and Body Positioning
One of the most noticeable mistakes in portrait photography is placing the model in unnatural, stiff poses. When the model looks too rigid or uncomfortable, the entire photograph loses its quality. Sometimes, poorly positioned hands or the wrong angle can make the subject appear awkward or stiff. Photos that appear too “posed” lack the spontaneity and emotional depth that great portraits should have.
How to fix it?
Help the model relax by talking to them and giving them the freedom to move naturally. Subtle movements or even a smile can make the subject look much more at ease.
Try introducing some dynamics into the posing. Instead of having the model stay still, encourage them to shift positions slightly or move their hands or head.
Always check that the model’s hands are naturally positioned and not clenched or awkwardly turned.
5. Over-Editing in Post-Production
While post-production is a powerful tool for enhancing portraits, over-editing can make the subject look completely different from the real person. While it’s possible to remove imperfections and add effects, too much retouching can make the subject look unrealistic or lifeless. Many photographers overuse filters or excessive skin smoothing, which can strip the portrait of its character and authenticity.
How to fix it?
Keep post-production subtle. While you can adjust lighting, contrast, and color, there's no need to go overboard with digital manipulation.
Focus on basic adjustments, such as improving the colors and contrast, to make the image vibrant, yet still natural.
If you need to retouch skin or remove imperfections, do it carefully and sparingly. Small flaws add character and make portraits feel more authentic.
Portrait photography can be challenging, but with a few simple adjustments, you can significantly improve the quality of your shots. Using the right light, framing properly, ensuring the eyes are sharp, achieving natural poses, and practicing moderate post-production can completely transform your portraits.
Don’t be afraid to experiment and explore new techniques. Every portrait is unique, and it carries a story that can be brought out through your creativity and attention to detail. The most important thing is to enjoy the process and remember that portraits tell the stories of the people you photograph.